Gemulator 98 Demo Documentation

NOTE: FOR THE MOST UP TO DATE DOCUMENTATION, VISIT OUR WEB SITE AT http://www.emulators.com



Apple Macintosh, Atari ST, and Atari 8-bit Emulator For Windows 
Version 5.01  April 18, 1998
Run Apple Macintosh, Atari ST, and Atari 8-bit software on Windows!
Gemulator 98 version 5.01 is the latest release in the Gemulator series of Atari ST emulators for MS-DOS and Windows. Gemulator 98 is the world's most advanced Apple Macintosh emulator for Windows, running all versions of the System software up to version System 7.5.5. Gemulator 98 is also the only Atari ST emulator that supports all versions of Atari ST and STE TOS ROMs (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 2.05, and 2.06) and all versions of MagiC, including MagiC 2, MagiC 4, MagiC 5, and the versions of MagiC included with MagiC PC. Up to 16 different Atari ST and Macintosh operating systems can be installed on your PC at once. Gemulator 98 will switch between them with the click of a mouse or a keystroke.
Gemulator 98 now supports the use of disk images, both for floppy disks and hard disks. Use .ATR, .XFD, .ST, .DSK, .IMG, .VHD and other disk image formats directly with Gemulator 98!
Gemulator 98 also supports direct connection of Macintosh SCSI devices such as ZIP disks, Jaz disks, and CD-ROMs via the PC's SCSI bus.
Gemulator 98 supports more disk based Atari ST TOS versions - Magic, KAOS TOS, TOS 1.0, TOS 1.4, and others. Run Atari ST software without additional hardware!
Use this demo to run Macintosh System 7 on your PC, to run Word 5.1 and Wingz and MacPaint and all your favorite Mac Classic applications. Use this demo to run Atari 8-bit games, and to run Atari ST productivity software such as Calamus SL, Pagestream, GFA Basic, and others.
Software and Hardware Requirements
Gemulator 98 runs on all DirectX compatible versions of Windows - Windows 95, Windows 95 OSR2, Windows 98, and Windows NT 4. It runs on all Intel 486 compatible 32-bit processors (486, Pentium Classic, Pentium Pro, Pentium MMX, Pentium II, AMD K6). Gemulator 98 is Pentium MMX optimized to run up to 50% faster than older versions of Gemulator, and will run much faster (typically 2 to 5 times faster) than similar Atari ST and Macintosh emulators.
To run at the normal 8 MHz speed of an Atari 1040ST or Macintosh Classic, your computer only requires a 33 Mhz 486. To run at the normal speed of a 32 MHz 68030 machine such as an Atari TT or Mac IIci, your PC needs a 75 MHz or faster Pentium. On 300 MHz Pentium II computers, the emulated speed is close to that of a 200 MHz 68000.
For Atari ST and Apple Macintosh emulation, Gemulator 98 also requires a ROM card installed with Atari ST, Atari ST, and/or Mac Plus ROMs. Atari ST users can also substitute a disk based version of TOS such as MagiC, KAOS TOS, or the original disk based versions of TOS 1.0 and TOS 1.4.
DirectX
DirectX is a set of 32-bit graphics extensions for Windows 95 and NT that allows for on-the-fly graphics mode switching. While optional for Gemulator 98, DirectX does improve graphics performance and allows Gemulator 98 to run in full screen mode.
As with Win32s, DirectX can be downloaded directly from Microsofts ftp and web site: http://www.microsoft.com/directx.
Although DirectX is built in to Windows 95 OSR2 and Windows NT 4, newer versions of DirectX have been released by Microsoft and should be installed to assure the fastest possible graphics support.
Virtual Memory
Since Gemulator 98 uses the virtual memory provided by Windows to emulate the memory of the Atari or Macintosh computer, make sure that you have enough swap file space on the hard disk to allow Windows to create as much virtual memory as necessary. Gemulator 98 requires a fixed amount of about 2 megabytes of virtual memory per window plus the amount of RAM being emulated. For example, a Gemulator 98 window emulating a 4 megabyte Mac Plus or Mega ST 4 computer requires about 6 megabytes of virtual memory.
What the Gemulator 98 demo doesnt support are some of the more advanced features, such as 4, 8, and 14-megabyte support in Atari ST mode, debugger support, multiple disk drive support, printer and modem support, etc. The disabled features are obviously marked..
Installing the GEMULATOR 98 DEMO
The Gemulator 98 demo software comes in a single ZIP file called GEM98DEM.ZIP. Extract it with PKZip and you will find the following files: 
GEM98DEM.EXE - The Gemulator 96 demo emulator
WIN32VER.EXE - Utility to display Win32 version
CONTROLE.ACC - Atari ST control panel
QINDEX22.PRG - Quick Index 2.2, Atari ST benchmark utility
GEMBENCH.PRG - GEM Bench Atari ST benchmark utility
INSTMAG2.BAT - Installation script for MagiC 2 (Atari ST TOS clone)
UNTITLED.IMG - a blank 1.44M Macintosh floppy disk image
NOTE: Disk images of older versions of the Apple Macintosh System software (up to version 7.0.1) can be downloaded directly from Apple's FTP site at: ftp://ftp.apple.com
To see if you have the correct version of Windows installed, run the WIN32VER.EXE utility provided. It will display which version of Windows you are running (Win32s, Windows 95, or Windows NT) along with the version number. If you get that far, you are ready. If it doesnt run, you are not running a 32-bit version of Windows. Download Gemulator Classic 3.60 for use on MS-DOS, Windows 3.1, and OS/2 Warp.
The next step is to install one or more Atari ST operating systems. Gemulator 98 is capable of running these Atari ST operating systems: 
6-chip ROM versions of TOS 1.0, TOS 1.2, and TOS 1.4
2-chip ROM versions of TOS 1.6, TOS 1.62, TOS 2.05, and TOS 2.06
The original TOS 1.0 on disk and the developer release of TOS 1.4 on disk (TOS.IMG file)
MagiC versions 2.0 and up (MAGIC.RAM file), including versions bundled with MagiC PC (MAGIC_PC.OS file)
KAOS TOS (KAOSTOS.IMG file)
If you already use an existing version of Gemulator then you are already set up. Simply run the GEM98DEM.EXE program and proceed as before.
If you dont already have a Gemulator ROM card installed, and you dont have MagiC, download any version of the MagiC PC demo from the Internet.
Once you have at least one Atari ST operating system, you will most likely fall into one of these categories:
If you are already running Gemulator Classic
Gemulator Classic refers to the MS-DOS versions of Gemulator (versions 1.0 through 3.60). If you are currently running this version of Gemulator, then you already have a Gemulator card with ROMs installed. All you need to do is run GEM98DEM.EXE from Windows. If you have virtual disks set up that you wish to you, use the Disk Properties dialog to point Gemulator at the .VHD files.

If you are running Gemulator 95 or higher
Gemulator 95 refers to the Windows versions of Gemulator (versions 4.0 and up) which Gemulator 96 version 4.6 replaces. If you are currently running Gemulator 95, then again all you need to do is run GEM98DEM.EXE. Similarly you may wish to install it in your existing Gemulator directory to use any virtual disks you may have.

If you have MagiC 2 or MagiC 4
If you dont currently own Gemulator but are using the MagiC operating system on your Atari computer, then you need to install MagiC on your PC. This can be done either manually or using one of the supplied batch files.
To use the batch files, first determine which version of MagiC you own. MagiC 2 comes on a single floppy disk while MagiC 4 comes on two disks. Both install to your hard disk the same way. In the root of your PCs C: drive you need the file MAGIC.RAM which contains the MagiC operating system. You also need a folder called GEMSYS which contains support files for MagiC, such as the desktop program. Use one of the two batch files INSTMAG2.BAT and INSTMAG4.BAT to install MagiC 2.0 and MagiC 4.0 respectively. You will be prompted to insert the MagiC master disks and in a few seconds the installation will be complete.
To manually install MagiC, or if you have some other version of MagiC, copy the MAGIC.RAM file from your MagiC installation disk to your C: drive. Create a folder called GEMSYS and within that folder create another folder called GEMDESK. From the MagiC installation disk, copy the files GEMDESK.APP, GEMDESK.RSC, and GEMDESL.RSC to this GEMDESK directory. If using MagiC 4.0, you also need to copy the file OFF002.OSD.
If you wish to run Gemulator and MagiC from a floppy disk, install MagiC to your hard disk as described, then copy the MAGIC.RAM file and GEMSYS folder to a blank 1.44M floppy disk. Finally, copy the GEM96DEM.EXE program to the floppy. You now have bootable Gemulator 96 floppy disk that you can carry with you and run on any computer without having to re-install any files on that computer.

If you have MagiC PC
If you downloaded the MagiC PC demo or purchased MagiC PC, you follow a similar procedure as for installing MagiC. Instead of MAGIC.RAM, the MagiC PC operating system is contained in a file called MAGIC_PC.OS. Copy that file to the root of your PCs C: drive. Copy the entire GEMSYS folder from your MagiC PC disks to your PCs C: drive as well.
If you are running the MagiC PC demo, you will first need to run that demo to copy the GEMSYS folder from their virtual demo disk to a real floppy disk. Then exit MagiC PC, and use Windows to copy that GEMSYS folder to your C: drive.
If you are running the real MagiC PC, the files have already been extraced to your PC's hard disk, typically to a directory called C:\MAGIC_PC\MAGIC_C. Copy the MAGIC_PC.OS file and GEMSYS folder from that directory to your C: root directory.

If you have TOS on disk
Several versions of TOS were released on floppy disk. The original pre-ROM TOS 1.0 shipped with the first 520ST computers, and the TOS 1.4 developer release, as well as the KAOS TOS modifications. Both these disks contain a file called TOS.IMG (or KAOSTOS.IMG). Copy this file to your PC's C: root directory.

If you have MAGIC SAC or SPECTRE GCR
Gemulator 98 can directly boot and run using your Magic Sac and Spectre GCR Macintosh ROMs and boot disks. Simply install the Mac ROMs into the Gemulator ROM card, and use your 400K or 800K Mac boot disk to boot from.

Configuring Gemulator 98
The very first time that you run Gemulator 98 you will be prompted with a First Time Setup dialog box. This is a one time procedure that tells Gemulator 98 what port address the ROM card can be found at, and whether to scan the hard disk for disk based versions of TOS such as MagiC 4.0.
Assuming that the ROM card is at address $240, you can select the Search ROM Cards option then click the Search button. If you have installed MagiC or TOS on floppy onto the hard disk, also select the Search Hard Disk option. If no ROMs get detected, click on the Settings button. You will get the ROM Card Settings dialog.
Make sure that the port address is set correctly and that the switch settings shown in the dialog match the settings on the card. When the address is correct, click the Scan button. The contents of each ROM socket will then be shown. Make sure that TOS ROMs do not appear in the wrong order or that sockets that contain ROMs dont show as empty. If they do, shut off your computer, take out the Gemulator ROM card, and check that you installed the ROMs correctly.
Click Close to return to the First Time Setup dialog. When ROMs and/or MagiC are being detected, click the Close button again.
After a short delay you will see your Atari boot up sequence, if you are using TOS 2.06 this starts with the Atari Logo.
The next step is to customize Gemulator 98 using the Properties dialog box. This dialog contains the important configuration controls for Gemulator. It works just like any other Windows dialog. You can get directly to this dialog by pressing Alt + F11.
When you have made your changes you can activate them by clicking on the OK button; if you want to abandon your changes click on Cancel. Click on Save to save the current set of Gemulator settings to disk. They will be the default settings next time you run Gemulator.
The following is a description of each of the various properties:
Full Screen
This option activates DirectX full screen mode, allowing Gemulator to occupy the entire screen. Turn off this option to run Gemulator 98 in a window. Use the keyboard shortcut Alt+Enter to switch between windowed and full screen modes. Do not use Alt+Tab or Ctrl+Esc to switch away from full screen mode as this does not work with all video drivers. 
Zoom Mode
Stretches out screen pixels to fit more of the screen. This makes it easier to see low resolution screen modes, at the expense of slower screen redraws, since smaller windows redraw faster. Atari 8-bit mode uses this to select 320x240 or 512x384 full screen mode size.
Fast Screen Refresh
When active, gives much faster, smoother, and more realistic screen updates at the expense of slowing down emulation. Use it only if you have a fast VGA card or when smooth screen updates are important.
Monitor
Selects what type of mointor to emulate, color or monochrome. Macintosh mode is currently limited to monochrome only.
Memory
The current setting for the amount of RAM being emulated is shown here. To change the RAM to be emulated just click on the required value. Because Windows supports virtual memory, Gemulator 98 supports up to 14 megabytes of Atari ST memory, however the demo is limited to 2 meg.
Sound
This option emulates sound You must have a Windows compatible sound card. Activating sound slows down overall emulation speed.
Blitter
Select this option to emulate the functions of the Atari ST BLiTTER chip. When this option is selected you can activate and deactivate the Blitter from the GEM desktop Options menu.
Joystick
Activates joystick support in Atari 8-bit and Atari ST modes.
OS
This listbox determines which version of Atari or Macintosh ROMs to install and run. Use this to switch between multiple ROM versions.
Cartridge
If you installed 64K Macintosh ROMs into the Gemulator ROM card, activate this option to install those ROMs as an Atari ST cartridge.
You can then run an Atari ST based Macintosh emulator (such as Magic Sac) to run old Macintosh software in Atari ST mode. Also used to toggle Atari BASIC on and off in Atari 8-bit mode.
Atari Disk Mode
By default, Gemulator maps all of the PCs drive letters to the same Atari ST drive letters. This removes the old Atari 32 megabyte partition size limit and allows you to access any drive that Windows can see, including compressed drives, CDs, and network drives.
Some older Atari software doesnt run in this mode and needs to use dedicated Atari virtual disk partitions. In fact, earlier versions of Gemulator used virtual disks exclusively. The file CDRIVE.VHD is a virtual Atari C: hard disk partition.
Activating the Atari Disk Mode option helps these programs run better. Atari Disk Mode is also required when accessing non-MS-DOS formatted floppy disks.
Boot Disk
Use this option to select the disk that TOS boots from. For example, if this option is set to A: then Gemulator will look for an AUTO folder and desk accessories on the floppy; C: looks on the hard disk.

Using Gemulator 98
You have now successfully installed the Gemulator card, installed the Gemulator 98 software, and configured the settings to your liking.
When booting in Macintosh mode, make sure that at least one of the Mac disk drives is configured with a bootable disk image or device. SCSI devices such as Mac formatted CD-ROMs, Mac ZIP disks, and even external Mac hard disks can be booted from and accessed.
Exiting Gemulator 98
Gemulator 98 can be terminated in one of two ways:
Press Control + F11 to bring up the Gemulator 98 main menu dialog box, then click Exit. All unsaved work will be lost, so it is best to do this from the Atari ST desktop when no programs are running.
Or, activate the Windows mouse pointer and click on the close box, that big X in the top right corner of the Gemulator window.
It is very important (to avoid disk corruption) to always properly shut down the Macintosh Finder. Only exit Gemulator or switch modes when the Macintosh has shut down.

Mouse Pointers
Since both Atari ST and Macintosh use graphical operating systems that make use of the mouse, it isnt possible for both them and Windows to have control of the mouse at the same time. When you first start Gemulator 98 you will find that you have two mouse pointers on screen! The working one will be the Windows mouse; the second, stationary, one is the emulated computers mouse.
In order for Gemulator to get control of the mouse, click the Windows mouse pointer anywhere on the Gemulator window. If you need to get the Windows mouse pointer back, simply press the F11 key, or press both mouse buttons at the same time.
The Atari ST mode supports these keyboard shortcuts for mouse actions:
Alternate + cursor keys Move mouse
Alternate + Shift + Cursor keys Fine mouse movements
Alternate + Insert Left mouse button
Alternate + Home Right Mouse button

Special Keystrokes
The following keystrokes have special meaning in Gemulator 98:
Ctrl+F11 Brings up the Gemulator 98 main menu dialog
Alt+F11 Brings up the Properties dialog box
Shift+F11 Brings up the Disk Properties dialog box
Ctrl+F12 Reboots the emulated computer
Alt+F12 Reboots and switches modes
Shift+F12 Reboots and switches monitor types
F11 Shows the Windows mouse

Page Up Atari ST Help key
Page Down Atari ST Undo key
Home Atari ST Clr Home key

Alt Macintosh command key (Apple logo key)

Ctrl+F10 Switches Atari 8-bit mode (800, XL, XE)
Shift+F10 Toggles Atari 8-bit BASIC cartridge
F10 Atari 8-bit System Reset key

Atari ST TOS 2.06
TOS 2.06 is the latest, fastest, and least buggy version of Atari ST and STE TOS produced by Atari. It also has some new features not found in TOS 1.0, TOS 1.04, TOS 1.6, or other earlier versions of TOS. Icons can be dragged to the desktop. Disk directories can be opened by pressing Alt and the drive letter. The desktop settings are stored in the file NEWDESK.INF instead of the older DESKTOP.INF.
If you have TOS 2.06 installed, the Atari ST desktop does not immediately show up. Instead, an Atari logo appears, followed by a memory test, followed by a 90 second countdown which shows a large black bar on the screen. This countdown was added to TOS to give hard disks time to spin up. Since your PCs hard disk is already up and running, and your PC has already performed its own memory test, you can safely skip both the memory test and the countdown by simply pressing any key on the keyboard when you see the logo.
Once the GEM desktop is up, you can use the keyboard to open disk drive directories. Just press Alt and the drive letter at the same time.
If you have TOS 2.05 installed, the logo is not displayed but the countdown still takes place. Although you will see just a white screen during the countdown, you can just press any key to skip it.

Accessing Atari ST Formatted Floppy Disks
Old versions of TOS had a bug that caused them to format floppy disks incorrectly. This bug prevented IBM PCs from reading Atari floppy disks, even though Atari computers could read MS-DOS disks.
The problem was corrected in TOS 1.4 and later versions of TOS. However, you may still have some disks formatted the old way.
There are three ways to read information from such disks:
1. Format a blank disk on the PC and then use your Atari computer to copy the files from the old disk to the new disk. Once copied, reformat all your old disks.
2. Activate the Atari Disk Mode option in Gemulator 98. This will allow Windows 95 to read the Atari disks and you can then use the PC to copy the files from these disks onto freshly formatted disks. Note: this trick only works on Windows 95. Windows 3.1 and Windows NT are more picky and can only read real MS-DOS disks.
3. Use an Atari ST utility such as DC Formatter or MOSDOS to re-write only the boot sector on the floppy disk. This fixes the disk without reformatting or losing any information. We supply the utility MOSDOS in the UTIL folder of the Gemulator 98 program disk.

Atari ST Monitor Emulation
Gemulator 98 supports the three standard Atari screen resolutions: 320x200 in 16 colors, 640x200 in 4 colors, and 640x400 monochrome.
VGAWIN.PRG is a system patch for TOS that provides support for screen resolutions from 640x480 up to 1600x1200. It works in the same way as the Atari Moniterm driver, the Overscan driver, and other similar high resolution screen drivers for Atari hardware.
VGAWIN.PRG must be run from the Atari AUTO folder. Simply create a folder called AUTO on your MS-DOS C: drive and copy the file VGAWIN.PRG from the Gemulator 98 program disk into this folder. Next time you reboot GEM, VGAWIN will be run as a part of the boot up process.
When VGAWIN.PRG runs your boot up sequence will pause with an options screen showing the various screen resolutions available. Select the screen resolution that you want using the main keyboard numeral keys (not the numeric keyboard) and VGAWIN will install its screen drivers and let your boot up proceed.

Launching Atari ST Applications
From the Atari ST desktop, double click on PRG, APP, TTP and TOS files to run Atari programs. You can also use the facilities in TOS 2.06 that allow you to run applications by pressing a function key or double clicking on a data file. If you run one specific application every time you run Gemulator then use the Auto loading feature in the Install Application dialog.
You can use your Atari ST desktop as your desktop for Windows, using it to copy files, move files, delete files, and even launch Windows programs from the Atari desktop!
Gemulator 98 has a special hook that allows it to run DOS and Windows programs from the GEM desktop. To activate this you must boot up the GEM desktop and click on Save Desktop in the Options menu. Then, using a text editor, edit the file C:\NEWDESK.INF (or DESKTOP.INF) and find these two lines:
#G 03 FF 000 *.APP@ @ @
#G 03 FF 000 *.PRG@ @ @
Immediately after those lines, add this line:
#G 03 FF 000 *.EXE@ @ @
This tells the Atari desktop to try to execute .EXE files. Gemulator will intercept them and get Windows to run the program instead. An application run in this way will appear in a Windows window, not in a GEM window!
Note: Clicking on Save Desktop will write a new NEWDESK.INF (or DESKTOP.INF) file that will overwrite your edited version. Make a backup copy of your INF file in case you accidentally erase it in this way. With TOS 2.06 you can use Read INF File to reload and then re-save the INF file; with earlier versions of TOS you will have to rename the backup INF file.
To run AUTO folder programs, create a folder called AUTO on your drive C (real DOS drive or Virtual drive) and put your Auto folder programs in the folder. If you are booting from floppy, remember to set the boot disk to A: in the Properties dialog.
Desk accessories (ACC files) with any required RSC files and configuration files should be copied to the root directory of drive C.
If you get locked into a boot sequence caused by incompatible or corrupt files just leave Gemulator by pressing F11, go to the Windows File Manager and delete or rename the offending file, then switch back to Gemulator and reboot GEM.

Other Useful Tips
VGA Cards and Drivers
The screen performance of Gemulator 98 is determined by the speed and efficiency of your VGA driver in Windows. For color modes, always use a 256-color (or higher) driver; 16-color drivers tend to be very inefficient, even in Windows 95. For monochrome emulation using a monochrome or 16-color VGA driver usually gives the best results.
It is worth trying the 65536-color and true color modes of your VGA card, different VGA drivers, and the different settings of your VGA drivers in order to find the best combination for your machine.
If you find that screen redraws are still too slow then you may consider upgrading or replacing your PCs graphics card. Try to get a local bus VGA card or a "Windows accelerated" card. A slow VGA card will slow down emulation considerably.
One giveaway that the video card and/or driver is slow is if turning off the Fast Refresh options makes a significant difference. In that case, leave the Fast Refresh option turned off.

Install Devices (Atari ST mode)
To avoid having to install all your disk icons one by one, go to the GEM Options menu and select Install Devices. Once you've arranged the windows as you want them select Save Desktop.

Multiple Gemulators
Don't forget that you can run multiple copies of Gemulator 98 by launching Gemulator as many times as you wish. Of course this uses up a lot of memory, so make sure you have enough swap file space and preferably at least 12 megabytes of physical memory before attempting this.
